The face negotiation theory, developed by Stella Ting-Toomey, explains the culture-based and situational factors that shape communicators' tendencies in approaching and managing conflicts. The meaning of face is generally conceptualized as how we want others to see us and treat us and how we actually treat others in association with their social self-conception expectations. [Source: Encyclopedia of Communication Theory; Face Negotiation Theory]
psycho-cognitive orientations
interpersonal concepts
cultural orientations
face negotiation theory
concepts