vigilantism
racial assault
race, religion, and ethnicity
violence and crime
legislation/legal issues
prejudice and discrimination
student rights and welfare
demography of law
race policy
intergroup relations
constitutional rights and issues
minority issues
concepts, theories, and legal principles
hate crimes
Hate crimes, sometimes referred to as bias crimes, are criminal acts committed against a person or group because of the victims' race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, or other group affiliation. The first laws against hate crimes were enacted in the 1980s; most of these laws permit harsher sentences when a crime is found to be a hate crime. [Source: Encyclopedia of Trauma: An Interdisciplinary Guide; Hate Crimes]
concepts