vigilantism
type: Concept
narrower: hate crimes

racial assault
type: Concept
broader: hate crimes

race, religion, and ethnicity
type: Concept
narrower: hate crimes

violence and crime
type: Concept
narrower: hate crimes

legislation/legal issues
type: Concept
narrower: hate crimes

prejudice and discrimination
type: Concept
narrower: hate crimes

hate crimes
type: Concept
broader: violence and crime
broader: legislation/legal issues
broader: student rights and welfare
broader: demography of law
broader: race, religion, and ethnicity
broader: race policy
broader: prejudice and discrimination
broader: intergroup relations
broader: constitutional rights and issues
broader: minority issues
broader: vigilantism
broader: concepts, theories, and legal principles
narrower: racial assault
definition: Hate crimes, sometimes referred to as bias crimes, are criminal acts committed against a person or group because of the victims' race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, or other group affiliation. The first laws against hate crimes were enacted in the 1980s; most of these laws permit harsher sentences when a crime is found to be a hate crime. [Source: Encyclopedia of Trauma: An Interdisciplinary Guide; Hate Crimes]

student rights and welfare
type: Concept
narrower: hate crimes

demography of law
type: Concept
narrower: hate crimes

race policy
type: Concept
narrower: hate crimes

intergroup relations
type: Concept
narrower: hate crimes

constitutional rights and issues
type: Concept
narrower: hate crimes

minority issues
type: Concept
narrower: hate crimes

concepts, theories, and legal principles
type: Concept
narrower: hate crimes

concepts
type: Collection
type: ConceptGroup
member: hate crimes