Grade retention, also recognized as “being retained,” “being held back,” “nonpromotion,” and “flunking,” refers to the practice of requiring a student who has attended a given grade level for a full school year to remain at that same grade level in the subsequent school year. The practice of grade retention has become increasingly popular over the past few decades and particularly amidst the current sociopolitical zeitgeist emphasizing educational standards and accountability. [Source: Encyclopedia of Human Development; Grade Retention]
grade retention
teaching
testing, measurement, and evaluation
concepts