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Preferred term

black codes  

Definition

  • Black codes were laws passed by former confederate states after the Civil War and during Reconstruction that curbed the freedom and civil liberties of newly freed slaves. They lasted until the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868; similarly restrictive laws called Jim Crow laws were passed at the end of Reconstruction in 1876. [Source: Multicultural America: A Multimedia Encyclopedia; Black Codes]

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https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/black_codes

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