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Sage Social Science Thesaurus

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... > social science subjects > psychology > behavior mechanisms > human development > birth and infancy > labor > hard labor
... > social science subjects > sociology > anthropology > cultural/social anthropology > labor > hard labor
... > social science subjects > criminology and criminal justice > criminology > penology > prisons and correctional facilities > history of prisons > labor > hard labor
... > social science subjects > criminology and criminal justice > criminology > penology > prisons and correctional facilities > labor > hard labor
... > social science subjects > economics > economic concepts > production factors > labor > hard labor

Preferred term

hard labor  

Definition

  • Hard labor is a punishment of ancient origin and widespread adoption. In the United States, the Pennsylvania General Assembly established the first hard labor sentence in the fall of 1786 by directing “motley crews” of prisoners to clean and repair public streets. [Source: Encyclopedia of Prisons & Correctional Facilities; Hard Labor]

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https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/hard_labor

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