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surface water  

Definition

  • Surface water in the ocean is usually a water mass that has formed by interaction of a deeper water mass (intermediate water or deep water) with the atmosphere. An example is Antarctic Surface Water, which is Upper Circumpolar Deep Water that is modified by heat loss to the atmosphere and sea-ice processes. [Source: Encyclopedia of Environmental Change; surface water]

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https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/surface_water

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