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social science subjects > criminology and criminal justice > transnational crime and justice > strategies of law enforcement and justice > executive order 13581

Preferred term

executive order 13581  

Definition

  • On July 24, 2011, President Barack Obama signed Executive Order 13581, “Blocking Property of Transnational Criminal Organizations.” In the order, the president found that “the activities of significant transnational criminal organizations [TCOs] … have reached such a scope and gravity that they threaten the stability of international political and economic systems.” Those organizations, defined in the order as persons or groups that engage in “an ongoing pattern of serious criminal activity involving the jurisdictions of at least two foreign states … that threatens the national security, foreign policy, or economy of the United States,” are determined to “constitute an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy and economy of the United States,” making them subject to sanctions under the International Economic Emergency Powers Act (IEEPA).IEEPA authorizes the president to declare a national emergency and regulate or seize “any property in which any foreign country or a national thereof has any interest” to counter “any unusual or extraordinary threat, which has its source in whole or substantial part outside the United States, to the national security, foreign policy, or economy of the United States” (50 U.S. Code, Sections 1701–1707). Passed in 1977, IEEPA powers have previously been invoked via executive order by President Jimmy Carter, to block Iranian assets during the hostage crisis in Iran in 1979; by President Ronald Reagan, to block trade and travel with Libya in 1986; and by President Bill Clinton, to block transactions to Middle East terrorists and the Taliban. [Source: Encyclopedia of Transnational Crime & Justice; Executive Order 13581]

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https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/executive_order_13581

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