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Preferred term

nonexperimental designs  

Definition

  • Nonexperimental designs include research designs in which an experimenter simply either describes a group or examines relationships between preexisting groups. The members of the groups are not randomly assigned and an independent variable is not manipulated by the experimenter, thus, no conclusions about causal relationships between variables in the study can be drawn. [Source: Encyclopedia of Research Design; Nonexperimental Designs]

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https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/nonexperimental_designs

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