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open-pit mining  

Definition

  • Open-pit mining, also called opencast, open-cut, strip mining, or quarrying, is a mechanical extraction method that dates back to over 3,000 years. Ancient mines include the Tongling copper mine of China's mid Shang Dynasty 3,300 ± 60 years ago and some potential United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization World Heritage sites—Mitterberg in Austria and the Timna mine from ancient Egypt (now located in Israel). [Source: Encyclopedia of Geography; Open-Pit Mining]

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https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/open-pit_mining

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