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social promotion and grade retention  

Definition

  • Grade retention and social promotion are widely used, yet highly controversial, educational practices used to promote student academic achievement. Grade retention (also known as “grade repetition” or “failing a grade”) occurs when a student repeats the current grade rather than being promoted to the next grade with his peers. [Source: Sociology of Education: An A-to-Z Guide; Social Promotion and Grade Retention]

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https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/social_promotion_and_grade_retention

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