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miners  

Definition

  • From the diamond mines of South Africa to the bituminous coal fields of Appalachia and the silver mines of the frontier West, laborers of African descent have endured dangerous working conditions, long hours, and low wages to extract valuable minerals from the earth to be used for fuel or fashion. In the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, it was not uncommon for plantation slaves to be pressed into service as coal miners in Virginia and other Southern states. [Source: Encyclopedia of African American Society; Miners]

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https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/miners

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